Find A Program That
Works
German scientists
synthesized methadone during World War II because of a shortage of
morphine. Although chemically unlike morphine or heroin, methadone produces
many of the same effects.
Introduced into
the United States in 1947 as an analgesic (Dolophinel), it is primarily used
today for the treatment of narcotic addiction. It is available in oral
solutions, tablets, and injectable Schedule II formulations, and is almost as
effective when administered orally as it is by injection.
Methadone's effects can last up to 24 hours, thereby
permitting once-a-day oral administration in heroin detoxification and
maintenance programs. High-dose methadone can block the effects of heroin,
thereby discouraging the continued use of heroin by addicts under treatment
with methadone. Chronic administration of methadone results in the
development of tolerance and dependence.
The withdrawal
syndrome develops more slowly and is less severe but more prolonged than that
associated with heroin withdrawal. Ironically, methadone used to control
narcotic addiction is frequently encountered on the illicit market and has been
associated with a number of overdose
deaths.
|